2019年全国统一高考英语试卷（全国卷Ⅲ） 阅读理解考点及解析&解答思路&参考答案二

【考点】O8：历史文化类阅读．菁优网版权所有

【分析】

本文主要讲述了中国及其丰富的文化一直是西方创意的灵感来源，在时尚界已经引领世界潮流，在设计师、模特和消费者方面凸显出中国已经成为了一个最主要的市场．

【点评】

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．

28．（8分）                       

C

Before the 1830s，most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America， usually ﹩8 to ﹩10 a year．Today ﹩8 or ﹩10 seems a small amount of money，but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens．Accordingly，newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades．In addition，most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience．They were dull and visually forbidding．But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that．

    The trend， then， was toward the "penny paper"﹣a term referring to papers made widely available to the public．It meant any inexpensive newspaper perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street．

    This development did not take place overnight． It had been possible（but not easy）to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830，but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy． Street sales were almost unknown． However， within a few years， street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities． At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny﹣usually two or three cents was charged﹣and some of the older well﹣known papers charged five or six cents． But the phrase "penny paper " caught the public's fancy， and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny．

This new trend of newspapers for "the man on the street" did not begin well．Some of the early ventures（企业）were immediate failures．Publishers already in business，people who were owners of successful papers，had little desire to change the tradition．It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling．

（28）Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s？　   　

A．Academic．       B．Unattractive．     C．Inexpensive．     D．Confidential．

（29）What did street sales mean to newspapers？　   　

A． They would be priced higher．       B． They would disappear from cities．

C． They could have more readers．    D． They could regain public trust．

（30）Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at？　   　

A．Local politicians．                    B．Common people．

C．Young publishers．                    D．Rich businessmen．

（31）What can we say about the birth of the penny paper？　   　

A． It was a difficult process．             B． It was a temporary success．

C． It was a robbery of the poor．           D． It was a disaster for printers．

【考点】O6：社会文化类阅读．菁优网版权所有

【分析】

本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了19世纪报纸的改革发展之路．

【点评】

考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

【考点】O6：社会文化类阅读．菁优网版权所有

【分析】

本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了19世纪报纸的改革发展之路．

【点评】

考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

32．（8分）                          

D

Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers．

    A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0﹣25 drops of water or juice as a reward．The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined﹣or added﹣the symbols to get the reward．

    Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone，who led the team， described the experiment：In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens．On one part of the screen，a symbol would appear，and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown．For example，the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8．If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice；if they went for the circle，they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers﹣17 in this example．

    After running hundreds of tests，the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time， indicating that they were performing a calculation， not just memorizing the value of each combination．

    When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely，they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate（低估）a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value﹣sometimes choosing， for example，a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6． The underestimation was systematic：When adding two numbers，the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two，and then added only a fraction（小部分）of the smaller number to it．

    "This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains，"Dr． Livingstone says．"But in this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one．"

（32）What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them？　   　

A．They fed them．               B．They named them．

C．They trained them．            D．They measured them．

（33）How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment？　   　

A．By drawing a circle．           B．By touching a screen．

C．By watching videos．           D．By mixing two drinks．

（34）What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys？　   　

A．They could perform basic addition．

B．They could understand simple words．

C．They could memorize numbers easily．

D．They could hold their attention for long．

（35）In which section of a newspaper may this text appear？　   　

A．Entertainment．     B．Health．      C．Education．     D．Science．

【考点】O6：社会文化类阅读．

【分析】

本文是一篇说明文．一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了Margaret Livingstone 的实验过程及结果．该实验介绍了猴子和数字的关系．

【点评】

1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目．

2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换．

3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义．

第二节（10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

36.（10分）

In an online class，developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important．（36）　   　 While I have only listed two of each，there are obviously many other situations that can arise． Students should be able to extend the logic（逻辑）of each to their particular circumstance．

    Do's

    • （37）　   　 Questions about subject content are generally welcomed． Before asking questions about the course design， read the syllabus（教学大纲）and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight．

    • Participate in discussion forums（论坛）， blogs and other open﹣ended forums for dialogue．（38）　   　 Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information． Make a point，and make it safe for others to do the same．

    Don'ts

    • Don't share personal information or stories． Professors are not trained nurses， financial aid experts or your best friends． If you are in need of a deadline extension， simply explain the situation to the professor．（39）　   　

    • Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class． （40）　   　When a student attacks a professor on the social media，the language used actually says more about the student．If there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism or ability，be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments．

A． That's what they are for．

B． Turn to an online instructor for help．

C． If more information is needed， they will ask．

D． Remember that online professors get a lot of emails．

E． Below are some common do's and don'ts for online learners．

F． Everyone has taken a not﹣so﹣great class at one time or another．

G． Ask questions，but make sure they are good，thoughtful questions．

【考点】PF：选句填空．菁优网版权所有

【分析】

本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了一些对于在线学习者来说常见的Do's和Not情况．

【点评】

考查学生的推理判断能力和联系上下文的能力，在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．此类的填空题一定要联系上下文，根据上下文的内容加上自己的理解，再作出正确的判断．